in c, i believe because types are important (statically typed), you need to tell the compiler what type of data you’re going to be printing with printf().
for example:
int main(){
int message = "hello";
printf("%s\n", message);
return 0;
}
will tell the compiler to print the string.
format specifiers are here: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c/format-specifiers-in-c/