spoke about ics.
think about removing packaging from components, and just layering them on a surface.

this forms a small wafer, which is then enclosed in a metal frame and cast in plastic (so that we can use the pins on a breadboard).

dip stands for dual-in-line-package.
spoke about using the oscilloscope a little bit. each square is the voltage and time units that you set.
- a clock is a digital-circuit that makes a square wave.
- 555 is very precise as a timer.


looked inside a 555-timer.
